虚拟语气用以标准状语中
(1)表达与如今客观事实反过来的假定,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去(be动词的过去用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如:
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
(2)表达与以往的客观事实反过来,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
(3)表达与未来客观事实反过来,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/
could might + 动词原形。如;
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
(4)当条件状语从句表达的个人行为和主句表达的个人行为所产生的時间不一致时,动词的方式要依据它所表达的時间作相对调节。如:
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是以往,主句指的是如今)
下列报表是虚拟语气用以条件状语从句里时,主句和从句谓语动词的方式:
条件状语从句 主 句
与以往客观事实反过来 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与如今客观事实反过来 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与未来客观事实反过来 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
有时在应用时可省去if,语句则可换为以下方式,即“were / had / should +主语”。如:
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
02
虚拟语气用以名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表达不可以保持的心愿,译成“如果……就好啦”等。表达如今不可以保持的心愿,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表达未来不可以保持的心愿,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表达以往不可以保持的心愿,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表达提议、规定、指令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或者动词原形。如:
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的应用。
作表达提议、规定、指令等的专有名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的构造,表达惊讶、不敢相信、理当这般等。如:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder,
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