2011年中考复习：被动语态专题(2)

    9.将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p)

    The students will have learned 2,000 words by the end of next year.     2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.     Will 2,000 words have been learned by the end of next year? Yes, they will./No, they won’t.

    10. 过去将来完成时would have +been+V(p.p)     He told me that Mr. Brown would have taught them for two years by the next summer.     I was told that they would have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years by the next summer.

    注：1.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V(p.p)”构成。如：     You must operate the machine with care. The machine must be operated with care.     Must the machine be operated with care? Yes, it must. / No, it mustn’t.          2.含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to +be +V(p.p)”和“be to+be+V(p.p)”。如：     We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting.     The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.     Is the problem going to be discussed at the meeting? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.     3.被动语态除常用be加过去分词构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中。如：     The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.     4.被动语态没有完成进行时态，也没有将来进行时态，如果要将这些时态的主动结构变为被动结构，可以用完成时态或一般将来时态来表示。如： 他已被检查过了。He had been being examined. 通常用He has been examined.来代替。

    当我们到那儿时他将正被检查。He will be being examined when we get there.通常用He will be examined when we get there.

    注：Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：     the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。     Mary is going to get married. 玛丽准备结婚了。     How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？

    著名学者周海中教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出：Get+过去分词是一种新兴的被动语态形式；目前，相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。

三、被动语态的几种句型     将主动语态转换成被动语态，通常分以下四步进行：     1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语。     2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V(p.p)”     3.原来主动语态中的主语，如果需要，放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如没有必要，可以省略。     4.主动语态中的其他句子成分不变。     由于主动语态结构的不同，因而转换成被动语态的方式也各有不同，现分类说明如下：     a.由及物动词形成的被动语态：