孤独-Loneliness

            Loneliness
       any people feel lonely sometimes.  It usually lasts only a short  while.  For  some  people,
though, loneliness can last for years.Researchers say there are three types of loneliness.
      The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type.  It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation   for example, a family problem, the death of a friend, etc. Although
this kind of loneliness can cause headaches or sleeplessness,it usually doesn＇t last for more than a year.
      The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the other two types, it usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely peopie think there is little they can do to improve their condition.
      Psychologists agree that one important factor is a person＇s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, coworkers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However. psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
      Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

孤独
    很多人都曾感到过孤独。通常这种感觉只出现很短一段时间。但是，对于一些人来说，这种孤独感会持续几年。研究人员说通常有三类孤独。
    第一类是暂时性孤独。这是最常见的一种。这种孤独感消失{艮快，一般无需特别关注。第二类，情景性孤独，是某种特定情景的自然结果—例如，家庭问题，朋友去世等等。尽管这种孤独常会引起头痛、失眠等症状，但一般说来，它不会超过一年。
    第三类孤独最为严重。与前两种不同，这种孤独常常会持续两年以上，而且找不出特别的原因。不幸的是，很多长期孤独的人会觉得对改善现状无能为力。
    心理学家认同造成孤独的一个重要因素就是人的社会联系，即朋友、家人、同事等。  由于种种原因，我们要和不同的人打交道。但是，心理学家也发现，尽管这些孤独的人也可能有很多社会关系，但他们有时觉得他们应该拥有更多。他们对自己是否受人欢迎没有把握。
    心理学家正试图找到合适的方法来帮助习惯性的孤独人群：他们郁郁寡欢，无法融入社会，而很多严重的疾病，例如心脏病等都与这种慢性孤独感相关。暂时性和情景性孤
独是正常、健康生活的一部分，而长期的孤独则是一种糟糕的，有时甚至是危险的情况。