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英语语法:状语从句的用法归纳 八类

  • 日期:2012-06-05 09:08
  • 来源: 一块学
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  一、概说

  状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。

  二、时间状语从句

  1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

  2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A:

  “I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

  A. As             B. While         C. Because              D. If

  3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:

  He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。

  I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。

  4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:

  I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。

  Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。

  The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。

  5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:

  Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。

  He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。

  By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。

  三、条件状语从句

  1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:

  Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。

  If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。

  As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力,我们就满意了。

  2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:

  In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,请提醒我。

  四、让步状语从句

  1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:

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