今年高考对集合名词的考察。今年高考考察集合名词关键涉及到其可数性、单复数意义、主谓一致、适当的修饰语等。以便有利于了解和记忆力,人们将常出集合名词分成下列几种,并分別概述其相关用法特性:
(1) family(家中),team(队),class(班),audience(听友)等,其用法特性为:若视作总体,表达奇数意义;若考虑到其个人组员,表达复数意义。较为:
This class consists of 45 pupils. 这一班由45个学员构成。
This class are studying English now. 这一班的学员在学英语。
(2) cattle(牛,禽畜),people(人),police(警员)等,其用法特性为:只能奇数方式, 但却表达复数意义,用来主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 省略,但可与the省略(表达总括意义和专指)。如:
People will laugh at you. 大家会笑你的。
The police are looking for him. 警员在找他。
For these many cattle were killed. 就由于这一缘故宰了许多禽畜。
注:表达禽畜的头数,用企业词 head(单复数同形)。如:three head of cattle 3头牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20头牛。
(3) goods(货品),clothes(衣服裤子)等,其用法特性是:只能复数形式(或许也表达复数意义,用来主语时谓语也用复数),但一般不与数词省略。如:
Such clothes are very expensive. 那般的衣服裤子偏贵。
To whom do these goods belong? 这种书到底是谁的?
(4) baggage / luggage(行李箱), clothing(衣服裤子), furniture(家俱), machinery(设备), poetry(诗), scenery(景色), jewelry(珠宝首饰),equipment(机器设备)等, 其用法特性为:是不可数名词,仅用奇数方式,无需不定冠词 (或许更不可以用数词),沒有复数形式。如:
Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 人们的衣服裤子能够保暖。
Have you checked all your baggage? 你全部行李箱都拖运了没有?
特别提示:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相对的个人可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 很多设备。
(5) 填补表明好多个独特的集合名词:
①hair(头发,头发):指所有头发或头发时,为集合名词(不可估计);指几颗头发或头发时,为个人专有名词(可数)。如:
My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。
The police found two hairs there. 警员在那里找到二根头发。
②fruit(水果):做为集合名词,它一般是不可估计的。如:
He doesn't not eat much fruit. 他并不大喝酸奶。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡村种水果。
可是,若想表达类型时,它可视作可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种多样水果。感受:
Some fruits have thick skins. 一些水果皮好厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 马铃薯是一种蔬菜水果,而并不是一种水果。
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