人们知道英文的5种基础句式,并且知道哪些的词句能够作主语。今日人们先看来下“谓语”(predicate)的定义。从理论上而言,“谓语”的功效就是说表明主语的状况,即主语干了哪些(do what),是啥(what is it)或是如何(how is it)。Opps,这话实际上都是英文语法唯一的真知。
那麼,如何分辨谓语的成份,非常简易,在人们学过的5种基础句式种,除开主语之外,你能把别的的基本成分通称为谓语。因此有5种基础句式,总有5种谓语形式。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
The bus came.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
I love you.
3. 主语 + 双宾动词 + 简接宾语 + 立即宾语
He gives me a hug.
4. 主语 + 系动词 + 主语补语
I am a teacher.
5. 主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语
I made my girlfriend angry.
See?标鲜红色的就是说5类别谓语形式。Anyway,这并不是人们的重中之重,今日的重中之重并不是学谓语,只是谓语动词。你何不看一下主语后边接的这些成份是啥,比如不及物动词,及物动词,双宾动词,系动词,宾补动词......许多抽象性的归属于,无论如何,把你双眼放亮,看最终2个字:动词!!!
因此从上边的5种基础句式能够算出一条真知:
一句英文句子,除开务必要有主语之外,还务必要有动词。
这一动词就是说人们今日得学的谓语动词,人们讨论一下有什么普遍的谓语动词。留意,人们今日只学动词,但动词自身就早已有许多类型了。
第一类:实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词)
read,write,play,run
实义动词就是说具备实际上姿势实际意义的词句,例如跑。那有哪些动词沒有实际上姿势,或是是虚的呢?例如系动词,is是个哪些姿势?例如情态动词can是个哪些姿势?因此先弄清差别,人们探讨的是实义动词,有实际上姿势的。
*不及物动词
My mother smiled.
Jim swims well.
The sun rises every day.
Bill Gates dropped out at 18.
He goes away.
I get up at 10 in the morning.
*及物动词
Mary speaks English.
I like her.
Steve Jobs left school at 22.
My mother always makes a cake for me on my birthday.
Students often have dinner at 5.
He cut himself yesterday.
The princess and prince live a happy life forever.
People here abide by the rules.
I want to know your name.
She loves reading books.
He said that he would call me soon.
His father gave him a large sum of money.
要留意这种谓语动词的否认形式,必须应用助动词do/does/did + not来保持。疑问句形式也必须do/does/did形式来保持。且这种助动词后边,全是接动词原型。
Don't give up your dream.
Mary doesn't speak English.
Jim didn't give me any money.
Do you have a knife?
Did you see that man?
Does Tom love reading?
或许,除开这种普遍的助动词之外,完工了的have/has/had也被称作是助动词,后边必须接的是动词的过去分词形式(done形式)。
第二类:系动词(称为be动词)
am,is,are,was,were
系动词是谓语动词里非常具备代表性的词句,并且总数很少,非常好分辨。但是系动词后边接的物品能够有许多形式,能够接专有名词,形容词,动词ing形式,to do形式,介词形式这些。
Mr. Wang is a rich man.
He was mad.
I am happy.
He is doing homework now.
She is to get married.
That old woman is at the hospital.
Mary is tired of life.
I am happy to see you
I wasn't mad.
Tom isn't in a good mood.
必须非常一提的是,有一类动词,能够具有系动词的功效,总数很少,普遍的如:feel
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